United States
Explore genealogy in the United States
American genealogy is built from many layers of records: federal and state censuses, vital records, immigration files, naturalization, land and probate records, newspapers, church records, military files, court records and community archives. Research often requires moving between federal, state, county and local sources.
Identify the state, county, town or community where your ancestor lived, then determine which jurisdiction created the relevant record. U.S. genealogy becomes much easier when you follow the historical jurisdiction rather than relying only on modern geography.
Best starting points
Start a U.S. genealogy project using federal census, military, immigration, land and naturalization records.
Open NARA genealogy →Search U.S. historical records, family trees and research guides in one place.
Explore FamilySearch →Explore state guides, local histories, family histories, newspapers, maps and other collections.
Open LOC genealogy →Learn how historical federal and state census records can be used to reconstruct families and communities.
Explore census resources →National Archives’ collection of links to genealogy databases and online research resources.
Browse databases →Volunteer genealogy projects organized by state and county, with many free local resources.
Explore USGenWeb →Research by state
State-level research is one of the most important paths in U.S. genealogy. Record availability, dates, jurisdictions and repositories vary significantly from state to state.
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
U.S. territories & associated areas
Essential U.S. genealogy records
Population censuses from 1790 onward are among the most important nationwide sources for U.S. family history.
Census records →Search U.S. birth, marriage, death, census, immigration, military and other collections.
Search collections →Passenger arrivals, border crossings, immigration files and related records can help reconstruct migration.
Immigration research →Citizenship records may contain names, residences, dates, origins and other family clues.
Naturalization records →Deeds, land entry files, patents and property records can reveal relationships and migration.
Land records →Federal and local court records can provide unexpected evidence about families and communities.
Court research →Service records, pensions, draft registrations and unit records cover many generations.
Military records →Explore military service and veterans-related records for American ancestors.
Veterans resources →Birth, marriage and death records are generally handled at state and local levels.
Vital records →Wills, estates and probate files can identify spouses, children, heirs and property.
Probate research →Town histories, family histories and local publications can provide context that official records miss.
Library of Congress →Historical newspapers can reveal marriages, deaths, migration, businesses, obituaries and community events.
Chronicling America →U.S. census research
Official NARA information on historical federal population censuses and genealogy research.
Open census resources →Official Census Bureau information about public historical census records and genealogy resources.
Open Census Bureau →Find information about searching historical U.S. federal and state census records.
Search guidance →Search U.S. federal and state census collections, including many specialized enumerations.
Search census collections →Research tip: U.S. census records are released under a 72-year rule. The National Archives currently provides public historical census material through 1950.
Immigration & migration
Official guidance for researching immigration and passenger arrival records.
Explore immigration →Search passenger lists, border crossings, naturalizations and related U.S. immigration records.
Search immigration →Passenger and immigration resources associated with the Port of New York.
Explore Ellis Island →Historical New York passenger arrival resources for the period before Ellis Island.
Explore Castle Garden →Historical immigration and naturalization records held by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.
USCIS genealogy →Research resources for historical immigration case files and related federal records.
A-Files research →Military & war records
Central starting point for U.S. military genealogy research.
Explore military records →Official information about obtaining U.S. military service records.
Open USA.gov →Research individual service records and learn how to request records.
Service records →Search military-related historical collections available through FamilySearch.
Search collections →African American genealogy
Federal records and research guidance for African American genealogy and history.
Explore NARA resources →Research guides covering Freedmen’s Bureau, Freedman’s Bank, USCT, Buffalo Soldiers and more.
Open reference reports →Search census, vital, military and other historical collections relevant to African American research.
Search records →Federal Writers’ Project interviews and related historical material.
Explore narratives →American Indian & Alaska Native ancestry
Official guide to researching American Indian and Alaska Native ancestry and tribal enrollment.
Open BIA guide →Federal records concerning Native American peoples, tribes, agencies, schools and lands.
Explore Native records →Research resources concerning the Five Tribes and Dawes Commission enrollment records.
Explore Dawes resources →Official Bureau of Indian Affairs tribal directory for identifying current tribal entities.
Open tribal directory →Asian American & Pacific Islander genealogy
Explore federal records relevant to Asian American and Pacific Islander history.
Explore NARA →Search genealogy guides and collections for Asian American and Pacific Islander communities.
Explore LOC →Search U.S. historical records and community-related collections.
Search FamilySearch →Hispanic & Latino genealogy
Federal records and research guidance for Hispanic and Latino history.
Explore NARA resources →Explore state, local and community research guides.
Open LOC guides →Search U.S. records and family history collections.
Search records →Jewish American genealogy
Major international Jewish genealogy resource with extensive U.S.-related material.
Explore JewishGen →Archives and historical resources documenting American Jewish life.
Explore AJA →Search U.S. census, vital, immigration and other historical records.
Search FamilySearch →Newspapers, obituaries & local history
Historic American newspapers and newspaper-related research tools.
Search newspapers →Explore newspaper collections and research resources.
Explore newspapers →Search historical newspapers and other U.S. collections available through FamilySearch.
Search collections →Cemetery, memorial and burial information that can provide useful research clues.
Search Find a Grave →Archives & libraries
The primary federal archive for U.S. historical government records.
Open NARA →Major collections of books, newspapers, maps, photographs, manuscripts and local histories.
Open Library of Congress →Library of Congress guides organized around U.S. states and territories.
Browse state guides →Official starting point for finding state-level government resources.
Find state resources →Major genealogy platforms
Free historical records, family tree and U.S. research resources.
Open FamilySearch →Large collection of U.S. census, vital, immigration, military and other genealogy records.
Open Ancestry →Historical records, family trees and DNA genealogy tools.
Open MyHeritage →Military-focused historical records and documents.
Explore Fold3 →Large digitized newspaper collection useful for U.S. local and family history.
Explore Newspapers.com →Historical newspapers, obituaries and other genealogy resources.
Explore GenealogyBank →DNA genealogy in the United States
DNA can help identify biological relationships, confirm or challenge documentary hypotheses and connect researchers across geographic and historical boundaries. The strongest research usually combines DNA evidence with documentary genealogy.
Large U.S.-focused DNA matching ecosystem connected to historical records and family trees.
Explore AncestryDNA →DNA matching and genetic genealogy tools with international family history connections.
Explore MyHeritage DNA →Autosomal, Y-DNA and mtDNA testing with tools for deeper genetic genealogy research.
Explore FamilyTreeDNA →Consumer genetic testing and DNA-relative matching.
Explore 23andMe →Cross-platform DNA comparison tools for genetic genealogy.
Explore GEDmatch →Tools for segment analysis, chromosome mapping and relationship research.
Explore DNA Painter →Specialized U.S. genealogy
Slavery-era research, emancipation, Freedmen’s Bureau, USCT, census and community records.
Explore →American Indian and Alaska Native ancestry, tribal affiliation and federal records.
Explore →Research paths for Hispanic and Latino communities across U.S. regions.
Explore →Jewish American families, immigration, communities and international connections.
Explore →Immigration, exclusion-era records, community histories and Asian American research.
Explore →Use local histories, newspapers, archives and community organizations to reconstruct family networks.
Explore collections →Research by historical period
Research before and around the formation of the United States through colonial and early local records.
Research guide →Military service, pensions, land claims and lineage society research.
Military research →Use early census, land, probate, tax, court and military records.
Explore records →Military records, emancipation, Freedmen’s Bureau and post-war communities.
Explore records →Passenger lists, naturalization, urban records, newspapers and immigrant communities.
Immigration research →Census, Social Security, military, immigration and local records become especially valuable.
Explore census →Federal → state → county → local
Federal records
National Archives, federal census, military, immigration, naturalization, land, court and Native American records.
State records
State archives and state agencies may hold vital records, state censuses, military records, prison records, court records and other material.
County records
County courthouses and local repositories may contain deeds, probate, tax, court, marriage and other records.
Town, city & community
Local newspapers, churches, cemeteries, directories, schools, historical societies and community archives can provide the missing clues.
Free U.S. genealogy resources
Free historical records and family history tools.
Visit →Official federal genealogy resources and research guides.
Visit →Genealogy guides, local histories, family histories and research collections.
Visit →Historical American newspapers and research tools.
Visit →Free volunteer-created state and county genealogy projects.
Visit →Official American Indian and Alaska Native ancestry guidance.
Visit →Combine DNA with documentary research
DNA works best as part of a broader genealogy workflow. A match can suggest a relationship, while records help identify the people and generations that connect the two families.
A practical U.S. genealogy workflow
Name, approximate birth date, spouse, parents and known locations.
Determine state, county, township, city or historical jurisdiction.
Build a household timeline and identify relatives and neighbors.
Look for birth, marriage and death evidence.
Use census, land, directories, newspapers and immigration records.
Compare documentary evidence with DNA matches and segment evidence where available.
Essential links
Where should you go next?
If you know the state, continue to the state-specific genealogy page. If you know the community, use the relevant Peoples & Communities path. If you have DNA matches, combine genetic evidence with the documentary records available for the places and generations involved.
DNA Academy - Quick Answers
What formats are your free templates available in?
Our templates are available as downloadable Excel/Google Sheets files (for digital tracking).
How do I use a research log effectively?
A research log helps you track which records you’ve searched, what you found, and what’s still missing. We recommend filling it out as you go, it prevents duplicate searches and helps you identify patterns. Our template includes columns for date, source, location, and findings.
Are the templates available in languages other than English?
Currently, our templates are in English only. We are exploring translations into Swedish, Spanish, and German based on user requests. If you need a specific language, contact us and we’ll prioritize it.
